Associations between pain, self-efficacy, sleep duration, and symptoms of depression in adolescents: a cross-sectional survey

Abstract Background Although pain has been identified as an important public health problem among adolescents, few studies have investigated possible protective and risk factors for pain. The main aim of the present study was to investigate associations between prevalence daily pain, self-efficacy, sleep duration, symptoms depression in a representative sample Norwegian adolescents. Methods A comprehensive cross-sectional survey completed by 12,867 junior high school students (response rate: 90%) aged 14–19 years. Logistic regression models were adjusted age, gender, parental educational level. Results We found especially girls (19%) compared with boys (7%). Short duration associated increased odds ratios (ORs) shoulders/neck (OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.3–2.0) stomach (1.7; 1.2–2.4). Symptoms ORs all measured types including head (3.7; 3.0–4.6), (3.9; 3.1–4.8), joints/muscles (4.3; 3.3–5.6), (5.5; 4.1–7.4). By contrast, self-efficacy not any form Conclusion Given burden incidence problems, strong association and, some degree, short co-occurring may be area research field. results highlight importance early identification prevention. Longitudinal are needed understand better problems their underlying mechanisms developing targeted interventions.